非定常集中涡破裂形态及其对扰动的影响

本文中利用三角翼前缘涡襟翼的强制振动来推迟涡破裂。流场显示实验结果表明,在有强制扰动时,集中涡显示出两种不同形式的破裂,可分成六种不同的破裂形态。非定常集中涡的一个破裂过程涉及几种破裂形态之间的转换。涡襟翼振动产生的非定常效应对涡破裂的影响与三角翼后掠角有密切的关系,随后掠角增大非定常效应的影响变小。就实验迎角范围而言(α<35°),对50°后掠角三角翼,涡襟翼振动可显著推迟涡破裂;但对70°后掠角三角翼,振动却能促进涡的破裂。涡襟翼振动改变了集中涡的性态,使集中涡趋向于和前缘平行。振动对涡破裂的作用部分地与这种效应有关。     

X-ray spectroscopy and variability of AGN detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey

We investigate the nature of the faint X-ray source population through X-ray spectroscopy and variability analyses of 136 active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey with >200 background-subtracted 0.5–8.0 keV counts [F_{0.5–8.0 keV} = (1.4−200) × 10⁻¹⁵ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹]. Our preliminary spectral analyses yield median spectral parameters of Γ = 1.61 and intrinsic N_H = 6.2 × 10²¹ cm⁻² (z = 1 assumed when no redshift available) when the AGN spectra are fitted with a simple absorbed power-law model. However, considerable spectral complexity is apparent (e.g., reflection, partial covering) and must be taken into account to model the data accurately. Moreover, the choice of spectral model (i.e., free vs. fixed photon index) has a pronounced effect on the derived JVH distribution and, to a lesser extent, the X-ray luminosity distribution. We also find that among the 136 AGN, 10 (≈7%) show significant Fe K emission-line features with equivalent widths in the range 0.1–1.3 keV. Two of these emission-line AGN could potentially be Compton thick (i.e., Γ < 1.0 and large Fe K equivalent width). Finally, we find that 81 (≈60%) of the 136 AGN show signs of variability, and that this fraction increases significantly (≈80–90%) when better photon statistics are available.     

基于差分吸收光谱技术的烟道SO2浓度的测量

利用差分光谱吸收（DOAS）技术，测量大气中痕量污染气体的浓度，是当前环保行业一项热门技术。对此方法适当改进，可以用来监测工业烟道排出的SO2的浓度和排放量，研究了利用DOAS技术测量烟气的测量方法、数据处理以及减小误差的方法，实现了烟气中SO2的在线实时测量。     

γ-射线辐照对碳纤维表面结构以及强度的影响

利用高能射线对碳纤维(CF)表面进行改性是高效、节能和环保的一种技术。研究了60Coγ-射线辐照下,吸收剂量在0~1000kGy时,聚丙烯腈基CF表面形貌及结构的变化。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察处理前后CF表面形貌的变化。采用Ram an光谱分析了辐照对CF表面结构的影响,并测定了处理前后CF复丝拉伸强度和不同标距下单丝拉伸强度的变化。结果表明,在0~30kGy剂量处理后的CF表面轴向沟槽数量先增加,ID/IG逐渐增大,石墨微晶尺寸(La)减小;当剂量过大时,沟槽数量减少,沟槽变得又深又宽,ID/IG有所降低,La增加,碳纤维表面结晶度提高。结合双参数W e ibu ll理论,计算处理前后的模数m与La的变化趋势一致,说明小剂量辐照下,对碳纤维表面有细晶化作用,在一定程度上可以提高CF的拉伸强度。随着辐照剂量的增加,促进碳原子的排列更规整,向模量较高的方向转化。     

民机研制风险管理浅析

对风险管理的相关定义进行了描述,分析了民机研制风险管理国内外现状,结合国内民机研制的特点,提出了民机研制风险管理过程和工作流程,着重对风险识别方法进行了研究。对比分析了风险识别方法,提出了民机研制风险识别体系。     

激光吸收光谱技术测量非均匀燃烧流场研究进展

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)具有非侵入性、灵敏度高和时间响应快等优点,将激光吸收光谱技术与最小二乘法、计算机断层扫描重建技术(CT)相结合,可以实现对非均匀燃烧流场的分布测量。首先简要介绍了激光吸收光谱技术的发展历程及测量基本原理,然后分别对激光吸收光谱技术测量非均匀流场一维分布、二维分布的国内外研究现状及关键技术进行了综述,比较分析了二维非均匀流场诊断实验中旋转和固定两种安装模式的优缺点及相对应的光线布局,总结了用于流场二维重建的相关重建算法,最后讨论了激光吸收光谱技术测量非均匀流场研究工作的发展趋势和有待解决的相关问题。     

金属聚合物复合材料的电树枝生长模拟

为了研究金属聚合物复合材料的击穿特性,在WZ模型的基础上建立了在绝缘聚合物介质中填充不同体积浓度的理想金属粒子的逾渗模型。利用计算机对放电通道的发展进行仿真,并对得到的仿真图形进行比较,研究了金属颗粒的体积浓度、下极板施加的电压、放电通道内的阈值电压和树点发展的概率指数对放电通道发展的影响。结果表明,金属粒子体积浓度越大,则放电树枝分枝越多。因此,填充金属颗粒可以明显地增强绝缘介质的导电性,其中逾渗阈值为0.6。下极板施加的电压越大,放电通道内的阈值电压和树点发展的概率指数越小,则放电树枝分枝越多,同时放电树枝生长过程中的积累损伤越大,该规律与实际放电情况相符合。     

燃烧场吸收光谱诊断技术研究进展

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）的视线测量技术,有能力实现流场温度、速度、组分浓度等参数的快速测量。作为一种有效的诊断工具,TDLAS传感器已经在燃烧和推进系统的研究和开发中获得广泛应用,为改善系统的性能发挥着越来越重要的作用。新应用机会的出现,对传感器提出新挑战的同时也促进了相关技术的进步。概括介绍了TDLAS技术的发展水平、在燃烧场诊断中的应用及未来的潜力,为相关研究人员提供参考。     

80°／65°双三角翼模型大迎角气动特性风洞实验研究

在气动中心低速所Ф3．2m风洞综合运用测力、测压、烟流和PIV流场测量等手段对80°／65°双三角翼模型大迎角气动特性、压力分布及空间流场结构演化规律进行了研究。试验雷诺数为0．49～1．3（×10°）,迎角为0°～60°。研究结果表明：不同实验手段获得的研究结果之间具有较好的相关性,该双三角翼在迎角30°时升力系数出现最大值,在迎角30°～37°之间,升力系数变化不大,之后升力系数急剧下降;迎角超过30°,前缘涡出现破裂,迎角由38°增至40°,吸力峰消失,压力系数骤降,迎角超过40°吸力峰完伞消失,前缘涡完伞破裂。     

Miniaturized laser-induced plasma spectrometry for planetary in situ analysis – The case for Jupiter’s moon Europa

Jupiter’s icy moon Europa is one of most promising places in our Solar System where possible extraterrestrial life forms could exist either in the past or even presently. The Europa Lander mission, an exciting part of the international Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM/Laplace), considers in situ planetary exploration of the moon. The distance of Europa from the Earth and the Sun asks for autonomous analytical tools that maximize the scientific return at minimal resources, demanding new experimental concepts. We propose a novel instrument, based on the atomic spectroscopy of laser generated plasmas for the elemental analysis of Europa’s surface materials as far as it is in reach of the lander for example by a robotic arm or a mole, or just onboard the lander. The technique of laser-induced plasma spectrometry provides quantitative elemental analysis of all major and many trace elements. It is a fast technique, i.e. an analysis can be performed in a few seconds, which can be applied to many different types of material such as ice, dust or rocks and it does not require any sample preparation. The sensitivity is in the range of tens of ppm and high lateral resolution, down to 50 μm, is feasible. In addition, it provides the potential of depth profiling, up to 2 mm in rock material and up to a few cm in more transparent icy matrices. Key components of the instrument are presently developed in Germany for planetary in situ missions. This development program is accompanied by an in-depth methodical investigation of this technique under planetary environmental conditions.